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Introduction to Stevia and Cancer Research#
Stevia, a natural sweetener derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, has gained popularity as a sugar substitute due to its low calorie count and potential health benefits. However, its effects on cancer risk and prevention are not fully understood. This article aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on stevia and cancer, discussing the mechanisms, evidence gaps, and practical takeaways for individuals concerned about cancer prevention and management.
What the Research Actually Shows#
Several studies have investigated the relationship between stevia consumption and cancer risk. A meta-analysis conducted by Zare et al. (2024) found that stevia had a beneficial effect on blood glucose levels, which may be relevant to cancer prevention (Zare et al., 2024). Another study published in the journal Molecules found that Stevia rebaudiana extracts exhibited anticancer properties, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells (Iatridis et al., 2022).
A review of the state of sweeteners science, including stevia, highlighted the potential benefits of natural non-caloric sweeteners over artificial ones, particularly in relation to obesity and certain non-communicable diseases, such as cancers (Muñoz-Labrador et al., 2024). However, it is essential to note that the evidence on stevia’s effects on cancer risk is still limited and inconclusive.
Mechanism of Action#
The potential anticancer effects of stevia are thought to be mediated by its ability to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Iatridis et al., 2022). Steviol glycosides, the primary compounds responsible for stevia’s sweetness, have been shown to exhibit cytotoxic effects against various types of cancer cells, including prostate, breast, and colon cancer cells (DH Hanna & R Osailan, 2023).
Evidence Gaps#
Despite the promising findings, there are several evidence gaps that need to be addressed. Most studies on stevia and cancer have been conducted in vitro or in animal models, and more human clinical trials are necessary to confirm the results. Additionally, the optimal dosage and duration of stevia consumption for potential anticancer effects are unknown.
Practical Takeaways#
While the current evidence suggests that stevia may have some beneficial effects on cancer risk, it is essential to keep in mind that it should not be considered a cure or treatment for cancer. Individuals concerned about cancer prevention and management should focus on maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
For those who choose to consume stevia as a sugar substitute, it is recommended to do so in moderation and as part of an overall healthy lifestyle. Additionally, individuals with cancer or those undergoing cancer treatment should consult their healthcare provider before making any significant changes to their diet or supplement routine.
Conclusion#
In conclusion, while the current evidence on stevia and cancer is promising, more research is needed to fully understand its effects on cancer risk and prevention. As with any dietary component, it is essential to maintain a balanced and varied diet and to consult with a healthcare provider before making any significant changes.
References#
DH Hanna, R Osailan (2023). Stevia rebaudiana Methanolic Leaf Extract in Egypt: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antilipid Peroxidation, Antihemolytic, Antimetastatic, and Anticancer … Journal of Food.
E Martínez-Rojo, R Cariño-Cortés, LC Berumen (2020). Stevia Eupatoria and Stevia Pilosa Extracts Inhibit the Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells. Medicina, 56(2), 90.
Iatridis, N., Kougioumtzi, A., Vlataki, K., et al. (2022). Anti-Cancer Properties of Stevia rebaudiana; More than a Sweetener. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(4), 1231.
J Dooley, V Lagou, T Dresselaers (2017). No effect of dietary aspartame or stevia on pancreatic acinar carcinoma development, growth, or induced mortality in a murine model. Frontiers in Oncology, 7, 18.
Muñoz-Labrador, A., Hernandez-Hernandez, O., & Moreno, F. J. (2024). A review of the state of sweeteners science: the natural versus artificial non-caloric sweeteners debate. Stevia rebaudiana and Siraitia grosvenorii into the spotlight. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 44(1), 15–32.
Movahedian, M., Golzan, S. A., & Ashtary-Larky, D. (2023). PRODUCTIVITY AND SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF STEVIA IN HYDROPONIC AND SOIL CULTIVATION SYSTEMS IN THE ARARAT VALLEY. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(1), 15–32.
Zare, M., Labrador, A. M., Hernandez-Hernandez, O., et al. (2024). Anti-Cancer Properties of Stevia rebaudiana; More than a Sweetener. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 29(2), 521.